CBT for Depression: How It Works and What the Evidence Shows

What is CBT for depression and how does it work?

CBT for depression is the NICE-recommended first-line psychological treatment for adults with depression. NICE Guideline CG90 recommends CBT for mild to moderate depression and as part of combination treatment for severe depression. A 2021 JAMA Psychiatry meta-analysis of 409 trials found a large effect size for CBT compared to control conditions. CBT works by targeting the two processes that maintain depression: negative cognitive patterns (the cognitive triad of hopelessness, worthlessness, and a hostile world) and behavioural withdrawal. A typical CBT treatment plan for depression runs for 16 to 20 sessions, structured in three phases: assessment and formulation, core CBT work including behavioural activation and thought records, and relapse prevention. Depression has a high recurrence rate; the relapse prevention phase is essential. CBT is also effective for comorbid depression and anxiety, the most common mental health presentation in England according to NHS Digital. At The Lyceum Clinic in Chiswick, West London, Sanah Younis provides BABCP-accredited CBT for depression, anxiety, and related conditions. No GP referral is required. Book a free 15-minute consultation to discuss your situation.